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[43] David A. Korn asserts that this was indeed the position held by the United States and United Kingdom: both the British and the Americans pointed out that 242 was a British resolution; therefore, the English language text was authoritative and would prevail in any dispute over interpretation.[44]. In other words, at the outset, the Arabs will have a majority in the proposed Jewish State."[63]. Since 1962, the United Nations has maintained a Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. The Arab delegations at the UN had sought to keep separate the issue of Palestine from the issue of Jewish refugees in Europe. [146] Bernadotte's diary said the Mufti had lost credibility on account of his unrealistic predictions regarding the defeat of the Jewish militias. The resolution was sponsored by British ambassador Lord Caradon and was one of five drafts under consideration.. It employs 100 seconded military and 27 civilian staff from over 50 member states who work to support the efficient and effective delivery of military capabilities for United Nations peacekeeping operations. ", Fred J. Khoury, 'United States Peace Efforts', in Malcolm H. Kerr (ed.). The Jewish Agency criticized the proposed boundaries, especially in the Western Galilee and Western Jerusalem (outside of the old city), arguing that these should be included in the Jewish state. [5], OCHA is headed by the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, since July 2021 by Martin Griffiths. The Department of However, according to telegram 30825 to Belgrade, September 1, which summarizes the conversation, Rusk said the key to a settlement was to end the state of war and belligerence and that if a way could be found to deal with this, other things would fall into place; the difference between pre-June 5 positions and secure national boundaries was an important difference. [16], "Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security. But we never contemplated any significant grant of territory to Israel as a result of the June 1967 war. it is a permanent member of the Conference on UN DESA is part of the UN Secretariat, which is funded through regular assessed contributions from Member States. A few years into the initiative, S3i ran into serious controversy after it was discovered key investing recommendations were not implemented prior to issuing loans. In the resolution, the words the and all are omitted. "[78], Replacing the National Charter of 1964 formulated by the first Palestine National Council (PNC), a revised National Charter[79] was drawn up by the fourth PNC at Cairo in July 1968. Thus, Israeli officials have been arguing for the final-status borders to be readjusted to reflect security concerns.[32]. Various sources noted that this was one vote short of the two-thirds majority required in the General Assembly. It provides the primary support and servicing to the Commission for Social Development, the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and the Conference of State Parties to the convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Jordan renounced its claims regarding the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and has signed the IsraelJordan peace treaty in 1994, that established the Jordan River as the boundary of Jordan. [148] At midnight on 14 May 1948, the British Mandate expired,[149] and Britain disengaged its forces. [68], Zionists launched an intense White House lobby to have the UNSCOP plan endorsed, and the effects were not trivial. When Bevin received the partition proposal, he promptly ordered for it not to be imposed on the Arabs. Monetary and political risk if humanitarian efforts fail: This risk can cause delayed responses to humanitarian issues, so organizations tend to look to the past rather than plan for the future. 1046, p. 120. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 2 November 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), London, 17 UNOPSs former Deputy Executive Director, Vitaly Vanshelboim, a key architect of the initiative, was appointed its Chief Executive. Entry into force: 3 May 2008, in accordance with article 45(1). FTO designations play a critical role in our fight against terrorism and are an effective means of curtailing support for terrorist activities and pressuring "[29], The Security Council subsequently adopted resolution 1515 (2003), which recalled resolution 242 and endorsed the Middle East Quartet's Road Map towards a permanent, two-State solution to the IsraeliPalestinian conflict. [45][46] The hope was that a binational state would ensue, which meant an unpartitioned Palestine. In respect of the Jewish refugees due to World War II, the Sub-Committee recommended to request the countries of which the refugees belonged to take them back as much as possible (Resolution No. [23][24][25][26] In a letter to his son in October 1937, Ben-Gurion explained that partition would be a first step to "possession of the land as a whole". The British report stated: "the term Beersheba Bedouin has a meaning more definite than one would expect in the case of a nomad population. ), Quote from a meeting of the Jewish Agency executive in June 1938: "[I am] satisfied with part of the country, but on the basis of the assumption that after we build up a strong force following the establishment of the state, we will abolish the partition of the country and we will expand to the whole Land of Israel." [19], In 2014, Secretary General Antnio Guterres appointed Grete Faremo as head of UNOPS. On 24 October 2022, High Representative for Disarmament Affairs Ms. Izumi Nakamitsu met for an informal consultation with civil society organizations at the United Nations Headquarters. 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Since 2015, OCHA act as the secretariat for the. Since 1962, the United Nations has maintained a Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. Concerning the welfare of Jews in Arab countries, a number of direct threats were made: Concerning the welfare of Jews in Arab countries, a number of predictions were made: The Arab states warned the Western Powers that endorsement of the partition plan might be met by either or both an oil embargo and realignment of the Arab states with the Soviet Bloc. Forum on Forests: The NGO Branch of the Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination is the focal point for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and acts on behalf of government to provide support for the committee which evaluates. Israel and the Arab states have negotiated before the Israeli withdrawal. Trend toward developing innovative technologies: Technology allows people to respond to emergencies quicker. [58], On 23 September 1947 the General Assembly established the Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question to consider the UNSCOP report. We strive for a just world that advances childrens rights and equality for girls. The United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG, French: Office des Nations Unies Genve) in Geneva, Switzerland, is one of the four major offices[a] of the United Nations where numerous different UN agencies have a joint presence. It is currently only available for legal acts. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is an agency of the United States federal government responsible for developing and promoting American trade policy. Two principles were basic to Article I of resolution. Although every President since Harry Truman has committed the United States to the security and independence of Israel, I'm not aware of any commitment the United States has made to assist Israel in retaining territories seized in the Six-Day War. Israels Requirement for Defensible Borders], Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. The Arab-Jewish relationship in the Arab world will greatly deteriorate. "[8] [27] [28], Jens Wandel was appointed acting Executive Director of UNOPS by the Secretary General on 09 May 2022. The Arab Higher Committee rejected both the majority and minority recommendations within the UNSCOP report. These actions and United States pressure to end the anti-immigration policy led to the establishment of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal by the United Nations, which recommended a partition of Mandatory Palestine at the end of the British Mandate.On 29 November 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted the Plan as Resolution 181 (II).. Upon presenting the draft resolution to the Security Council, the U.K. representative Lord Caradon said: All of us recognize that peace is the prize. The Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) was established shortly thereafter by the Secretary-General, but in 1998 was merged into OCHA, which became the UN's main focal point on major disasters. The main UNOG administrative offices are located inside the Palais des Nations complex, which was originally constructed for the League of Nations between 1929 and 1938. It is also represented both within the other major UN bodies and within its subsidiary organs (e.g. In directing and managing UN DESA, the Under-Secretary-General is supported by the Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development and the Assistant Secretary-General for Policy Coordination and Inter-Agency Affairs. ", This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 05:55. A telegram signed by 26 US Senators with influence on foreign aid bills was sent to wavering countries, seeking their support for the partition plan. It would unify the expertise needed to accomplish goals and ensure that each UN agency did not necessarily have to re-learn the same lessons of working in certain challenging environments. Begin warned that the partition would not bring peace because the Arabs would also attack the small state and that "in the war ahead we'll have to stand on our own, it will be a war on our existence and future. Part of the Executive Office of the President, it is headed by the U.S. Trade Representative, a Cabinet-level position that serves as the U.S. President's primary advisor, negotiator, and spokesperson on He said the phrase was so platitudinous that he thought the speaker was pulling his leg. [citation needed], Mr. Michael Stewart, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, in a reply to a question in Parliament, 9 December 1969: "As I have explained before, there is reference, in the vital United Nations Security Council Resolution, both to withdrawal from territories and to secure and recognized boundaries. Resolution 242: Origin, Meaning, and Significance, The Peace Process and the United Nations Resolutions, "The Empirical Case for Defensible Borders", Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules), Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, World Federation of United Nations Associations, United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights, United Nations Security Council resolutions, UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194, UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242&oldid=1113983379, United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Israel, 1967 United Nations Security Council resolutions, United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Lebanon, United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Syria, United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Jordan, United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Egypt, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Peretz, Don. Not only the uprising of the Arabs of Palestine is to be expected, but the masses in the Arab world cannot be restrained. In addition, the UN-Water Secretariat is administered by UNOPS. [77], The day after Resolution 242 was adopted, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) rejected it as "fundamentally and gravely inconsistent with the Arab character of Palestine, the essence of the Palestine cause and the right of the Palestinian people to their homeland." Although a minority, the creation of the Rejectionist Front enabled an argument that the PLO did not speak for all Palestinians and so should not participate at Geneva.[82][83]. [106][107][108][109][110] Baruch Kimmerling has said that Zionists "officially accepted the partition plan, but invested all their efforts towards improving its terms and maximally expanding their boundaries while reducing the number of Arabs in them."[111]. In the case of 242 that version was in English, so they assert the English version the only binding one. It covers direct and indirect costs by charging a fee on each project supported. The representative for India stated to the Security Council: It is our understanding that the draft resolution, if approved by the Council, will commit it to the application of the principle of total withdrawal of Israel forces from all the territories I repeat, all the territories occupied by Israel as a result of the conflict which began on 5 June 1967.[1]. Access to Space for All enables communities from all over the world to use and benefit from space technologies and applications thanks to the cooperation among established space actors, the United Nations and non or emerging space entities. The Syrian representative was strongly critical of the text's "vague call on Israel to withdraw". This reflects a fundamental concern for equity and equality in countries large and small, developed and developing. The United Nations maintains, administers or has a working relationship with a number of organisations dedicated to the administration of a variety of international treaties and conventions. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, London, 29 December 1972, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. This led me into a flurry of activity at the United Nations, which resulted in the near miracle of getting the famous resolution Resolution 242 unanimously adopted by the Security Council. The United Nations Human Rights Committee is a treaty body composed of 18 experts, established by a 1966 human rights treaty, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). [76], During a symposium on the subject Lord Caradon said that Israel was in clear defiance of resolution 242. In April 1946, the Committee reached a unanimous decision for the immediate admission of 100,000 Jewish refugees from Europe into Palestine, rescission of the white paper restrictions of land sale to Jews, that the country be neither Arab nor Jewish, and the extension of U.N. Trusteeship. None of us wishes a temporary truce or a superficial accommodation. UNOOSA has also developed a model registration form to facilitate registration. Aliyah Bet was organized to spirit Jews out of Nazi controlled Europe, despite the British prohibitions. Increased contributions from the private sector: Private organizations are driven by their obligation to. The Division is the substantive secretariat of the Commission on Population and Development and therefore monitors the implementation of the Programme of Action of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and its follow-up commitments. in. The resolution recommended the creation of independent Arab and Jewish States and a Special It works with Member States, other DESA divisions, the UN system entities, NGOs and other major groups and other stakeholders of society to support the follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda by UN intergovernmental bodies. The US would use its influence to obtain compensation to Jordan for any territory it would be required to give up. There are more Jews in the Arab world outside of Palestine than there are in Palestine. Since then, the Executive Director reports directly to the UN Secretary-General and the Executive Board, and has the authority to apply United Nations staff rules and regulations to UNOPS staff. Besides United Nations administration, the Palais des Nations also hosts the offices for a number of programmes and funds such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). Data and Analysis: [63] The record of a meeting between Under Secretary of State Eugene Rostow and Israeli Ambassador Harmon stated that Rostow made clear the US view that there should be movement from General Armistice Agreements to conditions of peace and that this would involve some adjustments of armistice lines as foreseen in the Armistice Agreements. [84] The 1978 Camp David Accords attempted to address the Palestinian problem but there continued to be no direct Palestinian representation. In the aftermath of the 2020 Beirut explosions, Najat Rochdi was the co-ordinator for OCHA's efforts in Lebanon.[9]. Ambassador Goldberg told King Hussein that after taking into account legitimate Arab concerns and suggestions, the US would be willing to add the word "Israeli" before "Armed Forces" in the first operative paragraph. Each year, some 9,000 NGO representatives participate in those events in New York City alone. Many big cafes in Tel Aviv served free champagne. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs: Vienna, Austria: Izumi Nakamitsu: 1998: Treaty organisations. [16], In 1937, following a six-month-long Arab General Strike and armed insurrection which aimed to pursue national independence and secure the country from foreign control, the British established the Peel Commission. A key part of the case in favour of a "some territories" reading is the claim that British and American officials involved in the drafting of the resolution omitted the definite article deliberately in order to make it less demanding on the Israelis. He says that even if a war is lawful in origin it cannot exceed the limits of legitimate self-defense.[21]. [143] During the period in which the British withdrawal was completed, Britain refused to share the administration of Palestine with a proposed UN transition regime, to allow the UN Palestine Commission to establish a presence in Palestine earlier than a fortnight before the end of the Mandate, to allow the creation of official Jewish and Arab militias or to assist in smoothly handing over territory or authority to any successor. The Russian representative Vasili Kuznetsov stated: We understand the decision taken to mean the withdrawal of Israel forces from all, and we repeat, all territories belonging to Arab States and seized by Israel following its attack on those States on 5 June 1967. envisages that these long-standing obligations are to be secured () by negotiation"[26], The United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright told the U.N. Security Council in 1994 that "We simply do not support the description of the territories occupied by Israel in 1967 as 'Occupied Palestinian Territory'. It underscores the need for all stakeholders governments, UN and other international organizations, civil society and the private sector to do their part to improve economic and social well-being. "[115], On 16 February 1948, the UN Palestine Commission reported to the Security Council that: "Powerful Arab interests, both inside and outside Palestine, are defying the resolution of the General Assembly and are engaged in a deliberate effort to alter by force the settlement envisaged therein. The Division provides leadership and catalyses action to promote and implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development[8] and the related 17 SDGs[9] by conducting research and undertaking substantive analysis to inform policy making, providing capacity development, and facilitating UN inter-agency coordination and the engagement of Major Groups and other Stakeholders in the United Nations' work on sustainable development. The United Nations Human Rights Committee is a treaty body composed of 18 experts, established by a 1966 human rights treaty, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Risk-Taking Officials. Previously, he served as Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on UN Reforms and before that, he was Director of UNDPs Bureau for Management Services. On November 23, 1967, the Secretary General appointed Gunnar Jarring as Special Envoy to negotiate the implementation of the resolution with the parties, the so-called Jarring Mission. Syria formally accepted[6] UN Security Council Resolution 338, the cease-fire at the end of the Yom Kippur War (in 1973), which embraced Resolution 242. [37], Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict. Vienna International Centre, [9], In 2017, UNOPS formed a group to work on applications of blockchain for international assistance. In 2016, UNOPS created more than three million days of paid work for beneficiaries. However, the League of Nations commission held that the White Paper was in conflict with the terms of the Mandate as put forth in the past. Bickerton, Ian J., Klausner, Carla L. (2001), See memo from Acting Secretary Lovett to Certain Diplomatic Offices, Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. So-called referenda in Russian-controlled Ukraine cannot be regarded as legal: UN political affairs chief World must engage or risk Afghanistans collapse, Security Council hears He said Johnson forcefully told Eban he thought Israel had been unwise when it went to war and that he still thought they were unwise. [70] The Arab position was initially that the resolution called for Israel to withdraw from all the territory it occupied during the Six-Day War prior to peace agreements. and "disappoints the hopes of the Arab nation and ignores its national aspirations [ and] ignores the existence of the Palestinian people and their right of self-determination. Zenner(eds. [29][32], The British Woodhead Commission was set up to examine the practicality of partition. [5][150] The 1948 ArabIsraeli War began with the invasion of, or intervention in, Palestine by the Arab States on 15 May 1948. Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan designated UNOPS as the lead United Nations entity for complex infrastructure projects in peacekeeping settings. A. Interests Section of the Spanish Embassy in Cairo summarizing Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Eugene Rostows conversation with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin states: Rostow said resolution required agreement on "secure and recognized" boundaries, which, as practical matter, and as matter of interpreting resolution, had to precede withdrawals. Since July 2021, the role has been filled by Martin Griffiths of the United Kingdom. Boundaries recommended in UNGA Res 181, "United Nations Special Committee on Palestine: Report to the General Assembly: Volume 1", Palestine Royal Commission report, 1937, 389391, Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Letter from David Ben-Gurion to his son Amos, written 5 October 1937, "Policy statement/ Advice against partition - UK Secretary of State for the Colonies - UK documentation CMD. The French UN delegation insisted on this interpretation at the time, but both English and French are the Secretariat's working languages. Although some have dismissed the controversy by suggesting that the use of the word "des" in the French version is a translation error and should therefore be ignored in interpreting the document, the debate has retained its force since both versions are of equal legal force, as recognized languages of the United Nations and in international law. For this the single most vital condition is that they be acceptable to both sides. [4] This was in relation to accusations of financial mismanagement involving their Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation (S3i) initiative. UN specialised agencies and other UN entities with offices in Geneva hold bi-weekly briefings at the Palais des Nations, organized by the United Nations Information Service at Geneva. Entry into force: 3 May 2008, in accordance with article 45(1). [56][57][58] The Jewish State included three fertile lowland plains the Sharon on the coast, the Jezreel Valley and the upper Jordan Valley. The United Nations maintains, administers or has a working relationship with a number of organisations dedicated to the administration of a variety of international treaties and conventions. Glenn Perry asserts that because the French version resolves ambiguities in the English text, and is more consistent with the other clauses of the treaty, it is the correct interpretation. [30], On April 14, 2004, US President George W. Bush said to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, "The United States reiterates its steadfast commitment to Israel's security, including secure, defensible borders. But we all know that could lead to a tangle with the Israelis."[10]. Rusk met with Foreign Minister Nikezic on August 30, 1967. The final status of these lands must, of course, be reached through the give-and-take of negotiations; but it is the firm view of the United States that self-government by the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza in association with Jordan offers the best chance for a durable, just and lasting peace. The United Nations and its specialized agencies, programmes and funds may have other offices or functions hosted outside the Palais des Nations, normally in office spaces provided by the Swiss Government. Access to Space for All enables communities from all over the world to use and benefit from space technologies and applications thanks to the cooperation among established space actors, the United Nations and non or emerging space entities. [65] Secretary Rusk advised President Johnson that he confirmed Goldberg's pledge regarding territorial integrity to King Hussein. The United Kingdom had recognized the union between the West Bank and Transjordan. By facilitating major global conferences and summits, as mandated by UN Member States, UN DESA assists countries as they find common ground and take decisive steps forward. See De Waart, Paul J.I.M., "International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the IsraeliPalestinian Peace Process", Firsthand testimonies from the men and women who helped found the State of Israel, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, Arab General Strike and armed insurrection, United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, Land ownership of the British Mandate of Palestine, Report of UNSCOP: 3 September 1947: CHAPTER 4: A COMMENTARY ON PARTITION, Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question, expelled from Cominform the following year, United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights, United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine, Part II. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) is part of the United Nations Secretariat and is responsible for the follow-up to major United Nations Summits and Conferences, as well as services to the United Nations Economic and Social Council and the Second and Third Committees of the United Nations General Assembly.
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