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The MLSR model has shown that, compared with the water pressure and temperature component, the aging component is negligibly small and tends to be stable. The areas, the upstream and downstream surface of the arches and its left and right extensions 0.5m wide, were thickened by 0.15m and 0.1m, respectively. A compression-shear fracture growing on an arch-gravity dam. The data of radial displacement of observation points (PL3, PL13-1, PL21), taken as typical points, are selected for modeling and analysis. 2 and 22 arches. It is an annual regulating reservoir with comprehensive utilization benefits of flood control, irrigation, power generation, and water supply. The rotation of the earth with the revolution of the earth has a very striking difference, including the following: 1. The effect of thermal expansion and contraction is the fundamental cause of dam tangential displacement. It can be found that the greater the annual variation of temperature occurs at a higher elevation. Figure5 shows the water level fluctuation after the reinforcement. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. 20 and 21 respectively, in which No.12 and 13 buttresses are taken as examples. & Oate, E. Data-based models for the prediction of dam behaviour: A review and some methodological considerations. Along the east side of the upstream panel of the No.11 buttress, 14 thermometers (TS11085-TS11124) are installed to monitor the water temperature at different elevations. 2 and No. Finally, a numerical model is established to investigate the stress state of the dam in different load cases. Google Scholar. Yu, Y., Liu, X., Wang, E., Fang, K. & Huang, L. Dam safety evaluation based on multiple linear regression and numerical simulation. Xi G-Y, Yue J-P, Zhou B-X, Tang P. Application of an artificial immune algorithm on a statistical model of dam displacement. Welcome to the Foziling Google Earth 3D map site! (4) The regression coefficients of Eq. 15b). Q.H. Control Health. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Combination forecast model for concrete dam displacement considering residual correction. The hydro power project consists of 5 turbines, each with 22MW nameplate capacity. (1), (2), (3), (5), and (6), the HTT displacement health monitoring model of multi-arch can be expressed in the following two formulations: M1 and M2 are the HTT displacement health monitoring models based on measured air temperature and the temperature of the dam body and foundation respectively. When the water level is higher (H>H0) (cf, Fig. 3 buttress, the water pressure component accounted for 4.136.66%, the temperature component accounted for 91.8994.37%, and the aging component accounted for 1.31.5%, with the average values of 93.11%, 5.45% and 1.44%, respectively. Huoshan. The buttress wall is thin at the top but thick at the bottom, with a thickness of 0.6m at the crest and 1.97m at the elevation of 70.0m away from the crest. Application of advanced statistical methods for extracting long-term trends in static monitoring data from an arch dam. Therefore, establishing an accurate relationship between these factors and displacement can explain and predict dam behavior effectively. The influence characteristics of water level and temperature on dam displacement are interpreted by separating variables based on the HTT model. Earth Rotation. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029562 (2020). Moreover, the stress concentration in the contact part between arches and foundation disappears, but it still exists in the buttress toe (cf. Rotation The Earth rotates along its axis from west to east, i.e. It is not repeated here. 2 and 22 arches and the bottom of arches and buttresses are considered as the weak parts of the dam, and more attention should be paid in the safety patrol. LOGIN . Signal Process. The numerical simulation procedure can be divided into three parts: (1) A heat transfer model is established, in which the parameter equivalence method36 is used to simulate the thermal insulation layer. conduct the data analyses and modeling. You may switch to Article in classic view. Mechanical and thermodynamic parameters for numerical simulation. Figs. Considering thermometers measuring concrete temperature are only installed in buttress 13, based on Eq. The influence characteristics of water level and temperature on dam displacement are interpreted by separating variables based on the HTT model. 12 and 13 buttresses are 4.26 Mpa and 4.14 Mpa, respectively. 62, 39803986. (3) The radial displacements of the buttresses on the riverbed are more affected by water pressure but less affected by temperature than buttresses on the banks, and there is little difference in the effect of time on them. NASA has calculated that the dam only slows the rotation by 0.06 microseconds, which is six hundredths of a millionth of a second.Our planet's rotation speed actually fluctuates fairly often, as it can be influenced by earthquakes, the moon, and the climate change-induced movement of the North Pole. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Eng. (2) Based on the measured data including water and air temperature, the highest temperature field, the lowest temperature field, and the quasi-stable temperature field are obtained by applying different boundary temperatures. 3, 13, and 21 buttresses over time. 2 and 22 arches. U2243223,51739003, 52079046), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (B210202017). Anal. Deterministic models typically explain the behavior of dam on the concept of mechanics based on the finite element method (FEM). A dam health monitoring model based on displacement is an effective method to analyze and obtain the working state of dams. Safety Monitoring Theory and Its Application of Hydraulic Structures. where m2 is taken as 1or2; b1i and b2i are the statistical coefficients; s=2t/365, and t is the number of accumulated days from the initial monitoring date. The maximum tensile stresses and maximum compressive stresses are listed in Table 5. For instance, it is provided that the models based on the artificial neural network are more accurate in the prediction of the dam displacement than the MLR model13,14,15. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. 2 and 22 arches from the foundation to the 127.46m elevation are reinforced by steel fiber shotcrete in the reinforcement. When the temperature drops, the arch shrinks, pulling the buttresses on both banks to the middle, so the buttresses on the left bank move towards the right bank, while the buttresses on the right bank move towards the left bank. Mata, J., Tavares de Castro, A. 9. X.L. Parameters about the dam body concrete and foundation rock, determining the stress strength and deformation characteristic, are important foundations for obtaining reliable results by numerical modeling. Ltd. All rights reserved, 2.5 km south of Foziling Town, Huoshan County, Lu'an City. In dam safety evaluation, the numerical simulation based on finite element models is often used to obtain the actual dam operation behavior30,31,32,33,34. It is assumed that compressive stress is negative and tensile stress is positive. Construction began in January 1952, completed in November 1954, and lasted two years and 10 months. Due to rotation along its axis, the Earth cannot be called a perfect sphere. Trip. Principal stresses under loading C2: (a) maximum and (b) minimum principal stresses on (i) arches, (ii) buttresses, (iii) No.12 buttress and (iv) No.13 buttress (unit: Pa). The temperature field of the dam is essentially caused by the alternation of temperature with the seasons during the operation period, so the thermal displacement can be also calculated by the measured air temperature1,4,21. Figure16 reflects the relationship between the water pressure component and water level change. Figure14 shows the relationship between air temperature and temperature component separated based on the HHT model at PL13-1. https://ar.trip.com/travel-guide/attraction/huoshan/foziling-reservoir-88109/, Ranked #6 Can't Miss Attractions in Huoshan, Copyright 2022 Trip.com Travel Singapore Pte. Foziling Reservoir travelers' reviews, business hours, introduction, open hours. Control Health. Three inverted plumb lines (IP3, IP13, IP21) used to monitor foundation deformation are installed in No.3, 13, and 21 buttresses. Hariri-Ardebili MA, Seyed-Kolbadi SM. Stress observation is another important physical quantity for studying dam operation and evaluating dam safety. As the proportion of the water pressure component is relatively small, the water pressure component separated from the model established by using the whole data is biased. A sudden cold current occurred in late November, causing the displacement of each buttress to exceed the historical extreme value. Book 3, 21 buttresses, another HTT displacement health monitoring model (M2) is established based on measured air temperature and water temperature. Multi-arch dam safety evaluation based on statistical analysis and numerical simulation, $$\delta = \delta_{H} + \delta_{T} + \delta_{\theta }$$, $$\delta_{H} { = }\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {\alpha_{i} H^{i} }$$, $$\delta_{T} = \sum\limits_{{i{ = }1}}^{m} {b_{i} T_{i} } \quad {\text{or}}\quad \delta_{T} = \sum\limits_{{i{ = }1}}^{{m_{1} }} {b_{1i} \overline{T}_{i} } + \sum\limits_{{i{ = }1}}^{{m_{1} }} {b_{2i} \beta_{i} }$$, $$\delta_{T} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{{m_{2} }} {[b_{1i} \sin (is) + b_{2i} \cos (is)]}$$, $$\delta_{T} = \sum\limits_{{i{ = 0}}}^{d} {b_{d} T_{d} }$$, $$\delta_{\theta } { = }c_{1} \theta + c_{2} \ln \theta$$, $${\mathbf{M}}_{{\mathbf{1}}} : \delta { = }a_{0} { + }\sum\limits_{{i{ = }1}}^{4} {a_{i} (H_{i}^{i} - H_{0}^{i} )} { + }\sum\limits_{{\text{j = 1}}}^{m} {b_{j} (T_{j} - T_{0j} )} + c_{1} (\theta - \theta_{0} ) + c_{2} (\ln \theta - \ln \theta_{0} ){ + }\delta_{{0}}$$, $$\begin{gathered} {\mathbf{M}}_{{\mathbf{2}}} : \quad \delta { = }a_{0} { + }\sum\limits_{{i{ = }1}}^{4} {a_{i} (H_{i}^{i} - H_{0}^{i} )} { + }\sum\limits_{{k{ = 1}}}^{n} {w_{k} (T_{wk} - T_{w0} )} + b_{0} (T_{0} - T_{0}^{0} ){ + }b_{1} (T_{1} - T_{1}^{0} ) + b_{2} (T_{2} - T_{2}^{0} ){ + }b_{3} (T_{3 - 5} - T_{3 - 5}^{0} ) + b_{4} (T_{6 - 15} - T_{6 - 15}^{0} ) \\ + b_{5} (T_{16 - 30} - T_{16 - 30}^{0} ) + c_{1} (\theta - \theta_{0} ) + c_{2} (\ln \theta - \ln \theta_{0} ){ + }\delta_{{0}} \\ \end{gathered}$$, $${\mathbf{D}} = {\mathbf{X\alpha }} + {{\varvec{\upvarepsilon}}}$$, $$R = \sqrt {\frac{{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {\left( {\hat{\delta }_{i} - \overline{\delta }} \right)} }}{{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {\left( {\delta_{i} - \overline{\delta }} \right)} }}}$$, $$AE_{mean} = \frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {\left| {\delta_{i} - \hat{\delta }} \right|}$$, $$RMSE = \sqrt {\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {\left( {\delta_{i} - \hat{\delta }} \right)^{2} } }$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13073-9. Wang, Q., Wang, J.-T. & Jin, F. Equivalent simulation of dam heat insulators and their effect analysis. A large number of monitoring instruments provide a guarantee to master the change of water level, temperature, and the dam health state at all times. 3,13 and 21 buttresses. Control Health 20, 282303. Close up view angle from space. It can be found that air temperatures are significantly correlated with the seasons. It can be found that air temperatures are significantly correlated with the seasons. Method E 24, 121. Saf. 2 and 22 arches connected to the gravity dam, greater tensile stress (1.52 Mpa) occurs in C1, while greater compressive stress (4.14 Mpa) occurs in C2. Air temperature and concrete temperature at selected typical measured points. Article The thermometers numbered T13-1T13-16 are newly added in this reinforcement, and the thermometers numbered {"type":"entrez-protein-range","attrs":{"text":"T13011-T13102","start_term":"T13011","end_term":"T13102","start_term_id":"7487382","end_term_id":"7444591"}}T13011-T13102 are original. When it rotates on its spin axis -- an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles -- it drifts and wobbles. Air temperature and concrete temperature at selected typical measured points. Struct. The principal stresses distributions in loading combinations (C1 and C2) are shown in Figs. Valente, S., He, Q. 13 buttress (cf. 97, 8595. Q.H. The buttress is displaced downstream (upstream) when the temperature rises (drops). High water levels, high water temperature, and sudden temperature rise and fall are the disadvantageous loading cases for the dam safety because of the temperature susceptibility of the dam and the small storage capacity. Water pressure component H represents the displacement of the dam body and foundation caused by reservoir hydrostatic pressure, and it is calculated as. 4.1 /5. Then how individual factor affects the displacement and how much it contributes to the displacement are studied in the following section. What is even more interesting is that the rotation of Earth also affected time. China. The tensile stress of arches and buttresses generally decreases in C2 compared with that in C1. The first reinforcement was carried out from June 1965 to October 1968. That does not sound like much, but it is noticeable. where n is the number of samples; i and ^i are the measured and calculated displacements, respectively; and is the mean value of measured displacement. where D is an (m1) dependent variables vector of the dam displacement and m is the number of displacement measuring points. The total storage capacity is 1.94108 m3, and the reservoirs normal storage level, design flood level, and check flood level are 125.56m, 125.97m, and 129.80m, respectively. Statistical model optimized random forest regression model for concrete dam deformation monitoring.
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